This meeting marked the birth of the Football Association. In October of the same year, eleven London clubs and schools sent representatives to establish a set of fundamental rules to govern the matches played amongst them. At Cambridge University, an initiative began to establish some uniform standards and rules that would be accepted by everyone, but there were essentially two camps: the minority – Rugby School and some others – wished to continue with their own form of the game, in particular allowing players to carry the ball. A ‘games cult’ developed in schools and some form of football became an obligatory part of the curriculum. It was recognised in educational circles that, as a team game, football helped to develop such fine qualities as loyalty, selflessness, cooperation, subordination and deference to the team spirit. In some, including Rugby School, the ball could be touched with the hands or carried opponents could be tripped up and even kicked. The game persisted in a disorganised form until the early 19th century, when a number of influential English schools developed their own adaptations. Mulcaster claimed that all that was needed was to refine it a little, limit the number of participants in each team and, more importantly, have a referee to oversee the game. He pointed out that it had positive educational value and promoted health and strength. ![]() English football was as rough as ever, but it found a prominent supporter in the school headmaster Richard Mulcaster. ![]() The English passion for football was particularly strong in the 16th century, influenced by the popularity of the rather better organised Italian game of ‘calcio’. In the 14th and 15th centuries, England, Scotland and France all made football punishable by law, because of the disorder that commonly accompanied it, or because the well-loved recreation prevented subjects from practicing more useful military disciplines. There was tremendous enthusiasm for football, even though the authorities repeatedly intervened to restrict it, as a public nuisance. Kicking opponents were allowed, as in fact was almost everything else. Frequently, the games took the form of a heated contest between whole villages. The game that flourished in Britain from the 8th to the 19th centuries was substantially different from all the previously known forms – more disorganised, more violent, more spontaneous and usually played by an indefinite number of players. The game remained popular for 700 or 800 years, but, although it was taken to England, it is doubtful whether it can be considered as a forerunner of contemporary football. The role of the feet was so small as scarcely to be of consequence. Each team member had his own specific tactical assignment took a noisy interest in the proceedings and the score. The Romans had a much livelier game, ‘harpastum’. The players had to pass the ball to each other, in a relatively small space, trying not to let it touch the ground. This is a type of circular football game, a more dignified and ceremonious experience requiring certain skills, but not competitive in the way the Chinese game was, nor is there the slightest sign of struggle for possession of the ball. It involved kicking a leather ball through a 30-40 cm opening into a small net fixed onto long bamboo canes – a feat that demanded great skill and excellent technique.Īnother form of the game, also originating from the Far East, was the Japanese ‘kemari’ which dates from about the fifth century and is still played today. ![]() ![]() It was performed in front of the Emperor during festivities to mark his birthday. The very earliest form of football for which we have evidence is the ‘tsu’chu’, which was played in China and may date back 3,000 years.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |